The magnitude of stagnation pressure can be derived from Bernoulli Equation For incompressible flow and no height changes. For any two points 1 and 2: + = + The two points of interest are 1) in the freestream flow at relative speed where the pressure is called the 'static' pressure, (for example well away from an airplane moving at speed ); and 2) at a 'stagnation' point where the. PV 5 = 500 / (1 + 0.11) 5 PV 5 = 500 / (1.11) 5 PV 5 = 500 / 1.685058 PV 5 = 296.73 When cash flows are at the beginning of each period there is one less period required to bring the value backward to a present value. Therefore, we multiply each cash flow by an additional (1 + i n) giving division by one less. Fluid Flow and Pressure Drops - Pipe lines - fluid flow and pressure loss - water, sewer, steel pipes, pvc pipes, copper tubes and more Related Documents ASME/ANSI B36.10/19 - Carbon, Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipes - Dimensions - Pipe sizes, inside and outside diameters, wall thickness, schedules, moment of inertia, transverse area, weight of. Google allows users to search the Web for images, news, products, video, and other content.
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Lumen 1 0 3. In fluid dynamics, stagnation pressure (or pitot pressure) is the static pressure at a stagnation point in a fluid flow.[1] At a stagnation point the fluid velocity is zero. In an incompressible flow, stagnation pressure is equal to the sum of the free-stream static pressure and the free-stream dynamic pressure.[2]
Stagnation pressure is sometimes referred to as pitot pressure because it is measured using a pitot tube.
Magnitude[edit]
The magnitude of stagnation pressure can be derived from Bernoulli Equation[3][1] For incompressible flow and no height changes. For any two points 1 and 2:
The two points of interest are 1) in the freestream flow at relative speed where the pressure is called the 'static' pressure, (for example well away from an airplane moving at speed ); and 2) at a 'stagnation' point where the fluid is at rest with respect to the measuring apparatus (for example at the end of a pitot tube in an airplane).
Then
or[4]
Microsoft excel 2016 16 13 0 – microsofts spreadsheet app. Window tidy 2 0 2 – manage windows with ease. where:
- is the stagnation pressure
- is the fluid density
- is the speed of fluid
- is the static pressure
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So the stagnation pressure is increased over the static pressure, by the amount which is called the 'dynamic' or 'ram' pressure because it results from fluid motion. In our airplane example, the stagnation pressure would be atmospheric pressure plus the dynamic pressure.
In compressible flow however, the fluid density is higher at the stagnation point than at the static point. Therefore, can't be used for the dynamic pressure. For many purposes in compressible flow, the stagnation enthalpy or stagnation temperature plays a role similar to the stagnation pressure in incompressible flow. [5]
Compressible flow[edit]
Stagnation pressure is the static pressure a gas retains when brought to rest isentropically from Mach numberM.[6]
or, assuming an isentropic process, the stagnation pressure can be calculated from the ratio of stagnation temperature to static temperature:
where:
- is the stagnation pressure
- is the static pressure
- is the stagnation temperature
- is the static temperature
- ratio of specific heats
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The above derivation holds only for the case when the gas is assumed to be calorically perfect (specific heats and the ratio of the specific heats are assumed to be constant with temperature).
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ abClancy, L.J., Aerodynamics, Section 3.5
- ^Stagnation Pressure at Eric Weisstein's World of Physics (Wolfram Research)
- ^Equation 4, Bernoulli Equation - The Engineering Toolbox
- ^Houghton, E.L and Carpenter P.W. Aerodynamics (2003), Section 2.3.1
- ^Clancy, L.J. Aerodynamics, Section 3.12
- ^Equations 35,44, Equations, Tables and Charts for Compressible Flow
References[edit]
- L. J. Clancy (1975), Aerodynamics, Pitman Publishing Limited, London. ISBN0-273-01120-0
- Cengel, Boles, 'Thermodynamics, an engineering approach, McGraw Hill, ISBN0-07-254904-1
External links[edit]
- F. L. Thompson (1937) The Measurement of Air Speed in Airplanes, NACA Technical note #616, from SpaceAge Control.
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